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Ancient Documents Archive & Scriptures · Scripture Atlas · The Americas

Florentine Codex

The Aztec world explained by the Aztecs themselves

Florentine Codex · 1545–1577 CE

At a glance

date1545–1577 CE
civilizationAztec (Mexica)
languageNahuatl, Spanish
traditionThe Americas

History, context & interpretation

The text and its story

Twelve books on the gods, rituals, calendar, omens, medicine and the conquest, with over 2,000 illustrations. It is the most detailed source on Aztec religion.

Traditional attribution

The knowledge of the Aztec elders.

Historical scholarship

Led by the friar Bernardino de Sahagún, with Nahua scholars and painters.

Context and curiosity

Book 12 tells the conquest of Mexico from the Mexica point of view.

Chronology and transmission

This text belongs to The Americas (Aztec (Mexica)). The catalogue gives its approximate dating as 1545–1577 CE and original language or script as Nahuatl, Spanish. The dated manuscript witnesses and traditional claims may not refer to the same historical event.

Sources and further reading

Historical descriptions are educational summaries. Religious traditions, scholarly interpretations and unverified claims are distinguished where possible; imagery may be illustrative rather than an artifact photograph.

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