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Ancient Documents Archive & Scriptures · Scripture Atlas · Christianity

Codex Sinaiticus

The world's oldest complete Bible is split across four countries

Codex Sinaiticus · c. 330–360 CE

At a glance

datec. 330–360 CE
civilizationRoman Empire
languageKoine Greek
traditionChristianity

History, context & interpretation

The text and its story

A handwritten Greek Bible on parchment. Its leaves are now held in London, Leipzig, St Petersburg and Sinai, and all of it has been digitised online.

Traditional attribution

A sacred Bible preserved at St Catherine's Monastery, Sinai.

Historical scholarship

Copied by at least three scribes; the oldest complete New Testament.

Context and curiosity

More leaves were found in a sealed room at the monastery in 1975.

Chronology and transmission

This text belongs to Christianity (Roman Empire). The catalogue gives its approximate dating as c. 330–360 CE and original language or script as Koine Greek. The dated manuscript witnesses and traditional claims may not refer to the same historical event.

Sources and further reading

Historical descriptions are educational summaries. Religious traditions, scholarly interpretations and unverified claims are distinguished where possible; imagery may be illustrative rather than an artifact photograph.

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