ACKERMANAt a glance
History, context & interpretation
The text and its story
114 surahs (chapters) covering God's oneness, prophets, law, ethics and the Day of Judgement. It is recited in daily prayer and its Arabic is considered inimitable.
Traditional attribution
The word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.
Historical scholarship
Revealed over 23 years and compiled into a standard text under Caliph Uthman.
Context and curiosity
Leaves of the Birmingham Quran manuscript were radiocarbon-dated to 568–645 CE.
Chronology and transmission
This text belongs to Islam (Arabia). The catalogue gives its approximate dating as 610–632 CE (revelation); c. 650 CE (standard text) and original language or script as Classical Arabic. The dated manuscript witnesses and traditional claims may not refer to the same historical event.
Sources and further reading
Historical descriptions are educational summaries. Religious traditions, scholarly interpretations and unverified claims are distinguished where possible; imagery may be illustrative rather than an artifact photograph.
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