Ackerman official diamond A logoACKERMAN

Ancient Documents Archive & Scriptures · Scripture Atlas · China

I Ching

64 hexagrams, 3,000 years of fortune-telling

I Ching · core c. 1000–750 BCE

At a glance

datecore c. 1000–750 BCE
civilizationZhou China
languageOld Chinese
traditionChina

History, context & interpretation

The text and its story

A divination book of 64 six-line figures, each with judgements and line readings. It shaped Daoism, Confucianism and even inspired Leibniz's binary arithmetic.

Traditional attribution

Trigrams by the mythical Fu Xi, texts by King Wen and the Duke of Zhou, commentary by Confucius.

Historical scholarship

A Western Zhou divination manual; the 'Ten Wings' commentaries are later.

Context and curiosity

Traditional readings use 50 yarrow stalks; three coins became a common shortcut.

Chronology and transmission

This text belongs to China (Zhou China). The catalogue gives its approximate dating as core c. 1000–750 BCE and original language or script as Old Chinese. The dated manuscript witnesses and traditional claims may not refer to the same historical event.

Sources and further reading

Historical descriptions are educational summaries. Religious traditions, scholarly interpretations and unverified claims are distinguished where possible; imagery may be illustrative rather than an artifact photograph.

Read free. Keep a research edition.

The online research article is free. An optional CAD $1.99 downloadable, annotated PDF edition is being prepared. Checkout will appear here only once the PDF and automatic delivery are verified. It will not be represented as a complete original manuscript unless the underlying text and rights have been verified.

Explore available books and editions